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CNC machining is an advanced automated manufacturing technology, widely used in metal processing, plastic processing and other fields. Common CNC machining metal materials include aluminum, stainless steel, carbon steel and its alloys, copper and its alloys, titanium, magnesium and so on; Common CNC processing plastic materials include acrylic PMMA, polypropylene PP, polyformaldehyde POM, nylon, ABS, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMWPE, polycarbonate (PC) polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and so on. When selecting CNC machining materials, CNC machining basic knowledge, material characteristics and processing requirements are important factors to consider.   First of all, the basic knowledge of CNC machining is the basis for selecting materials. CNC machining is controlled by the program instructions of CNC machine tools, which can realize unattended operation and improve production efficiency and product quality. Typical accuracy of CNC technology has reached two to four thousandths of an inch or 010 mm, with repeat accuracy close to or better than eight thousandths of an inch or 002 mm. Therefore, in the selection of materials, you need to consider the hardness of the material, surface treatment, processing costs and other factors.   Secondly, material characteristics are the key to selecting materials. Different materials have different characteristics, such as rigidity, stability, processing properties, anti-rust treatment and cost. For example, in machining, 45 steel and alloy steel are more commonly used; In the automation industry, aluminum alloy is more popular. Therefore, when selecting materials, it is necessary to choose according to processing requirements and material characteristics. Finally, processing requirements are an important basis for selecting materials. When selecting materials, processing requirements need to be considered, such as processing accuracy, processing efficiency, processing cost, etc. For example, when choosing plastic materials, it is necessary to consider the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, insulation and low cost of the materials, which are widely used in electronic products, household appliances and other fields.   In summary, when selecting CNC machining materials, it is necessary to consider factors such as CNC machining basic knowledge, material characteristics and processing requirements. Only on the basis of a full understanding of these factors can the most suitable CNC machining materials be selected, thereby improving processing efficiency and product quality.

How to Eliminate Errors Caused by CNC Vertical Turning Because the ordinary lathe does not have the function of programming, it cannot realize the automatic control of the tool head travel. Direct machining cannot be performed when machining spherical surfaces. The use of CNC machining centers to process the inner spherical size has higher accuracy and precision. However, for workpieces with a small number and a large inner spherical diameter, a large CNC vertical lathe is used, which is costly and error-prone. 1. Reasons for errors in spherical surface machining by CNC vertical lathe When processing spherical and curved surfaces, due to improper adjustment, it is easy to produce shoulders and shovel backs. The main reasons are: ① Caused by system gap In the transmission pair of the equipment, there is a certain gap between the lead screw and the nut. With the increase of the operation time of the equipment, the gap gradually increases due to wear and tear. Therefore, the corresponding gap compensation for the reverse movement is to overcome The main factor in the generation of shoulders on the machined surface. The gap measurement usually adopts the dial indicator measurement method, which needs to control the error. However, it should be noted that the watch seat and watch rod should not be extended too high or too long, because during the measurement process, due to the long cantilever, the watch seat is easily moved by force, resulting in inaccurate counting and compensation value errors. ②Inappropriate tool selection caused by During cutting, the tool removes material through the main cutting edge. However, after the arc is processed through the quadrant, after the arc is tangent to the secondary cutting edge of the tool, the secondary cutting edge may participate in cutting. Therefore, when selecting or grinding a tool, the wedge angle of the tool must be carefully considered. ③The workpiece machining allowance is not uniform In the process of realizing the design performance of the parts, whether the machining allowance of the surface to be machined is uniform is also an important reason for whether the forming surface can meet the design requirements. Because the machining allowance is not uniform, it is easy to cause "reappearance" errors. Therefore, for parts with high surface shape requirements, the machining allowance should be as uniform as possible before forming, or the design requirements should be met by processing one more profile. 2. Elimination method of error caused by CNC machining spherical surface During the processing of spherical and curved surfaces, the sphere may be large in the middle and small in the middle, or small in the middle and large in the middle. At this time, the radius value of the sphere needs to be controlled. If it is large in the middle and small at both ends, you need to increase the radius value slightly. If it is small in the middle and large at both ends, reduce the radius value. Try to control the ball error within 0.05mm.

The advantages of CNC machining compared to 3D printing 3D printing and CNC machining are relatively common production processes in the field of precision machining. There are similarities and differences between the two. For example, CNC machining is suitable for mass production. It can create many products in less time than 3D printing takes hours to create one product. Compared with 3D printing, what are the advantages of CNC machining? The main points are as follows: 1. Advantages of surface treatment CNC machines provide a better surface finish than 3D printing because the material does not deform during processing. The rigid material and cutting action keep the product together with less chance of error or deformation. 3D printing has a poor surface finish. The material bends, twists or twists as the material is layered with heated plastic. 2. Prototype integrity is improved CNC machines do not heat the material and transform it. The material remains stronger and has better structural integrity than a 3D printer, which must heat the material to build the intended product. 3D printers may also need to add foreign matter to the mix to make prototypes, which CNC machines do not. 3. Prototyping just got easier CNC machines are better for prototypes that can withstand structural testing because they carve designs out of materials. They can also build prototypes using the exact materials that will be used to make the final product. Structural tests and changes will be more accurate because they use the same materials. This can speed up the production process as the changes will be in the design rather than the material. 3D printers do not make structurally strong prototypes, so they cannot be physically tested. Fourth, price and volume do not represent price The cost of 3D printing depends on the volume of material required. The final product quantity does not determine the price of the CNC machine. For larger orders, 3D printing is not cost-effective, which is where CNC machine tools are booming. 5. The level of tolerance has risen CNC machines are more precise, so parts have better tolerances than 3D printers. Prototypes with shafts or connections to other parts will be of higher quality and more likely to fit other parts due to tolerance levels. 6. Quality is good for CNC Larger layers for 3D printers are faster, but not as high quality as smaller layers. If you need a prototype, you can choose to get it quickly but with slightly lower quality, or wait longer for a prototype in the quality your printer can deliver. CNC machines allow you to choose the resolution of the item. They can deliver different qualities in a short amount of time, making them ideal for quick builds and instant test results. If you can choose which manufacturing method to use for your product, CNC machining is usually less expensive than 3D printing. In general, CNC machining has the above seven advantages over 3D printing in the field of precision machining.

What are the application areas of large CNC machining centers? Because of the rapid development of my country's heavy industry and car industry in recent years, the demand for large-scale CNC machining center processing equipment has surged. In my country's market, CNC processing is still not perfect, and because of its price and cost, it is not optimistic in my country. At the same time, not only many imported brands, but also domestic manufacturers are gradually increasing, which is really varied. Large-scale CNC machining center processing, there are fixed beam type (beam fixed, table rotation), moving beam type (beam move up and down, the table moves back and forth), moving column type (the table is fixed, the gantry moves), bridge type (working The table is fixed, the beam moves) and there are also many types of gantry machining centers with the above composite methods. The processing characteristics, abilities, and processing uses of the products are not exactly the same. Measuring and evaluating the gantry machining center from the perspectives of stability, feasibility and economy has become the first priority. Taiwan's production of gantry machining centers is less than 10 years earlier than that in China, or even longer. Therefore, it has been gradually improved and perfected, and the stability and reliability of the product have been improved. At the same time, the price is relatively cheap, and the reality also proves that Beijing Archie used Yawei's gantry machining center to process the bed of the EDM machine. After 10 years of use, users reported that the factory accuracy has been maintained. However, apart from Beiyi, Ji2 and Wuxin, which have recently been produced in China, other brands have basically started to develop and produce in recent years, and there is no satisfactory reality to prove that they can achieve the above three aspects. For heavy cutting, from the technical point of view, Western European products should be selected, and the skills and price should be considered together. Nicholas of Spain is the first choice. For large-scale sheet metal such as plastic molds for cars, Taiwan's Yawei, Qiaoweijin, Qiaofu, and Xiehong, the four brands are ok. Every year, the above manufacturers have hundreds of units selected for domestic use. For the processing of large molds and other large-scale products with high surface finish, Japanese brands have significant advantages. The main ones are Okuma and Toshiba New Japan Industrial Machinery. Among them, the first two are not used as the mother machine for manufacturing machine tools, or high-precision mold processing, while the latter is used for processing advanced molds and standard large box structures. Because of the technology blockade by the United States and Japan against China, they are generally not exported, especially to military enterprises. In my country, Germany, Italy, and Spain are the most common. Cost-effective high-speed five-axis gantry suitable for heavy cutting, mainly selected from Spain. Seamans is a good choice for the gantry machining center for light material processing. It is generally used for the processing of models such as cars, and has the characteristics of high-speed five-axis large standard. At the same time, the price also has around 500,000 euros. Large CNC machining For domestic gantry machining centers, in recent years, there have been many manufacturers, some of which have cooperated with foreign countries to introduce skills, and some have purchased functional components such as spindles from abroad, and then equipped with gantry, workbench and bed sound, most of which are in research and development. Among them, the maturity compared with foreign countries, of course, there is a gap. But domestic machine tools always have this process, plus the price is cheaper. Shandong Zecheng CNC believes that supporting selection should be encouraged. In the future, with the continuous development of science and technology, large-scale CNC machining center processing equipment still has a good future. Although this market is vacant now, most enterprises in my country still use imported equipment, and the price and cost are very large. Yes, but according to my country's current development, in the future in this market area, my country's own products will become the mainstream equipment in the market.

What is the working principle of a vertical machining center? In material processing places, people attach great importance to processing equipment. The application of traditional processing methods usually requires complex operation procedures and requires the cooperation of a large number of personnel to complete the processing process. Although the production tasks can also be completed, with the increasing requirements of various industries for processing efficiency Improvement, in order to improve the work progress and complete the processing tasks in the shortest time, it is necessary to start with the adjustment of equipment and operation methods, so many processing places now pay attention to the application of vertical machining centers. So what is the working principle of a vertical machining center? What are the advantages of this device during work? During the processing of the workpiece, the use of the equipment only requires the staff to input parameters according to the information processing standards. The application method of the equipment is very simple. After starting, only a simple clamping operation is required, and the equipment will enter the automatic program. Parameter setting is carried out without human assistance, so the workflow is much simplified compared to traditional equipment and the runtime is also shorter. What's more, tools can now be changed at will, and the machine can decide whether to add more tools or change the machining speed. Now the vertical machining center is equipped with many kinds of tools, so the equipment can meet the needs of different industries and processing places, but before the actual operation, the staff must understand the working principle and application method of the vertical machining center in detail. equipment. After the workpiece is clamped once in the machining center, the CNC system can control the machine tool according to different processes, automatically select and replace the tool, automatically change the spindle speed of the machine tool, the feed rate and the movement path of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions, and complete the multiple surfaces of the workpiece in turn. of multi-step processing. And it has a variety of tool changing or tool selection functions, which greatly improves the production efficiency. Vertical machining center refers to a set of machining centers with a vertical spindle and a worktable, which are mainly suitable for processing plates, plates, molds and complex parts of small shells. Vertical machining centers can complete processes such as milling, boring, drilling, tapping and thread cutting. Vertical machining centers are at least three-axis and two-linkage, and generally can achieve three-axis three-linkage. Some can carry out five-axis, six-axis control. The vertical machining center column height is limited, and the processing range of the box-shaped workpiece is reduced, which is the disadvantage of the vertical machining center. The workpiece can be clamped in the vertical machining center, and the positioning is convenient; it is convenient to observe the movement trajectory of the tool, to check and measure the debugging program, to find the problem in time, stop processing or modify; the cooling condition is easy to establish, and the cutting fluid can directly reach the tool and the processing surface. The three-coordinate axis is consistent with the Cartesian coordinate system, the feeling is intuitive, and the viewing angle of the pattern is consistent, and the chips are easily removed to avoid scratching the machined surface. Compared with the corresponding horizontal machining center, the structure is simple, the floor area is small, and the price is lower.

common senses that CNC engraving machining must know 1. How to protect the engraving machine equipment during the processing? 1) Protect the tool setter from excessive oil erosion. 2) Pay attention to the control of flying chips. Flying chips are very harmful to the machine tool. Flying into the electric control cabinet will cause a short circuit, and flying into the guide rail will reduce the life of the screw and guide rail. Therefore, during processing, the machine tool should be The main part is sealed well. 3) When moving the lamp, do not pull the lamp head, it is easy to break the lamp head. 4) During processing, do not observe near the cutting area, so as to avoid flying chips from hurting the eyes. Do not perform any operations on the work surface when the spindle motor is rotating. 5) When opening and closing the door of the machine tool, do not open and close it violently. During finishing, the impact and vibration during the opening process will cause the machined surface to have knife lines. 6) Give the spindle speed, and then start processing. Otherwise, because the spindle starts to rotate slowly, it will start processing without reaching the desired speed, causing the motor to suffocate. 7) It is forbidden to place any tools or workpieces on the beam of the machine tool. 8) It is strictly forbidden to place magnetic tools such as magnetic suction cups and dial indicator holders on the electric control cabinet, otherwise the display will be damaged. 2. During the machining process of the new tool, the turning phenomenon occurs, and the machining is very laborious. What parameters need to be adjusted at this time? The reason for the laborious processing is that the power and torque of the spindle cannot withstand the current cutting amount. The reasonable approach is to re-make the path and reduce the depth of the knife, the depth of the slot, and the amount of trimming. If the overall processing time is less than 30 minutes, the cutting state can also be improved by adjusting the cutting speed. 3. What is the function of cutting fluid? Metal processing pay attention to add cooling oil. The function of the cooling system is to take away the cutting heat and flying chips and lubricate the machining. Coolant removes the cutting heat, reducing heat transfer to the tool and motor, increasing their service life. Take the flying chips away to avoid the phenomenon of secondary cutting. Lubrication can reduce cutting forces and make machining more stable. In copper processing, the selection of oily cutting fluid can improve the surface quality. 4. What are the stages of tool wear? The wear of the tool is divided into three stages: initial wear, normal wear, and sharp wear. In the initial wear stage, the main cause of tool wear is that the temperature of the tool is low and does not reach the optimal cutting temperature. At this time, the wear of the tool is mainly abrasive wear, which has a greater impact on the tool. More CNC programming knowledge Pay attention to the WeChat public account (NC programming teaching) to receive the tutorial, which can easily lead to tool breakage. This stage is a very dangerous stage, and if not handled properly, it may directly lead to tool breakage and failure. When the tool has passed the initial wear period, the cutting temperature of the tool reaches a certain value, which is the main wear is diffusion wear, and its role is mainly to cause local spalling. Therefore, the wear is relatively small and relatively slow. When the wear reaches a certain level, the tool fails and enters a period of rapid wear. 5. Why should the tool be run-in and how? We mentioned above that the tool is easy to break in the initial wear stage. In order to avoid the phenomenon of chipping, we must run the tool. The cutting temperature of the tool is gradually increased to a reasonable temperature. Validated experimentally, comparisons made using the same machining parameters. It can be seen that after running in, the tool life has increased by more than 2 times. The method of running-in is to reduce the feed rate by half while maintaining a reasonable spindle speed, and the processing time is about 5 to 10 minutes. Take a small value when machining soft materials, and take a larger value when machining hard metals. 6. How to judge severe tool wear? The method for judging severe tool wear is: 1) Listening to the processing sound, there is a harsh cry; 2) Listening to the sound of the main shaft, the main shaft has obvious stagnation phenomenon; 3) It feels that the vibration increases during processing, and the machine tool spindle has obvious vibration; 4) Looking at the processing effect, the processed knife pattern on the bottom surface is sometimes good or bad (if it is like this at the beginning, it means that the depth of the knife is too deep). 7. When should the tool be changed? We should change the tool around 2/3 of the tool life limit. For example, the tool is severely worn in 60 minutes. In the next machining, you should start changing the tool at 40 minutes, and develop the habit of changing the tool regularly. 8. Can a severely worn tool continue machining? After severe tool wear, the cutting force can be increased to 3 times normal. The cutting force has a great influence on the service life of the spindle electrode. The service life of the spindle motor and the force are inversely proportional to the third power. For example, when the cutting force is increased by 3 times, machining for 10 minutes is equivalent to using the spindle for 10*33=270 minutes under normal conditions. 9. How to determine how long the tool sticks out during roughing? The shorter the extension of the tool, the better. However, in actual processing, if it is too short, the length of the tool should be adjusted frequently, which will greatly affect the processing efficiency. So how to control the protruding length of the tool in actual processing? The principle is this: a 3-diameter shank can be processed normally with a 5mm extension. The φ4 diameter shank extends 7mm and can be processed normally. The φ6 diameter shank extends 10mm and can be processed normally. Try to get below these values when you apply the knife. If the length of the upper knife is greater than the above value, try to control the depth of processing when the tool is worn. This is a bit difficult to grasp and requires more exercise. 10. How to deal with the sudden broken tool during processing? 1) Stop processing and check the current serial number of processing. 2) Check the broken knife to see if there is a broken knife body, and if so, take it out. 3) Analyze the reasons for the broken tool, this is the most important, why is the tool broken? If we want to analyze, we need to analyze the various factors that affect the processing mentioned above. But the reason for the broken knife is that the force on the knife suddenly increased. Either the path is wrong, or the tool shakes too much, or the material has a hard block, or the spindle motor rotates incorrectly. 4) After analysis, replace the tool for processing. If the path is not replaced, the original serial number should be processed by a serial number in advance. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to reducing the feed speed. One is because the broken tool is hardened seriously, and the other is to carry out the tool running-in. 11. When the roughing condition is not good, how to adjust the processing parameters? If the tool life cannot be guaranteed at a reasonable spindle speed, when adjusting the parameters, adjust the depth of the knife first, then adjust the feed speed, and then adjust the lateral feed. (Note: There is also a limit to adjusting the cutting depth. If the cutting depth is too small, there will be too many layers, and although the theoretical cutting efficiency is high, the actual processing efficiency is affected by other factors, resulting in too low processing efficiency. At this time, a smaller tool should be used for processing, but the processing efficiency is higher. Generally speaking, the minimum depth of the knife cannot be less than 0.1mm.

11common senses that CNC engraving machining must know CNC engraving machine is good at small tool finishing, with the ability of milling, grinding, drilling and high-speed tapping, and is widely used in 3C industry, mold industry, medical industry and other fields. This article collects frequently asked questions about CNC engraving. 1. What is the main difference between CNC engraving and CNC milling? Both CNC engraving and CNC milling use the milling principle. The main difference is in the diameter of the tool used. The commonly used tool diameter range for CNC milling is 6-40 mm, while the tool diameter for CNC engraving is 0.2-3 mm. 2. Is CNC milling only for rough machining and CNC engraving for finishing? Before answering this question, let's first understand the concept of process. The amount of machining in the roughing process is large, and the amount of finishing machining is small, so some people habitually regard roughing as "heavy cutting" and finishing as "light cutting". In fact, roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing are process concepts, which represent different processing stages. Therefore, the accurate answer to this question is that CNC milling can do heavy cutting or light cutting, while CNC engraving can only do light cutting. 3. Can CNC engraving be used for rough machining of steel materials? To judge whether CNC engraving can process a certain material, it mainly depends on how big a tool can be used. The tool used in CNC engraving determines its maximum cutting capacity. If the shape of the mold allows the use of tools with a diameter of more than 6mm, CNC milling is strongly recommended, followed by engraving to remove the remaining material. 4. Can the engraving process be completed by adding a speed-increasing head to the spindle of the CNC machining center? Can not finish it. This product appeared at the exhibition 2 years ago, but it could not complete the engraving process. The main reason is that the design of the CNC machining center considers its own tool range, and the overall structure is not suitable for engraving processing. The main reason for this misconception is that they mistaken the high-speed motorized spindle as the only feature of the engraving machine. 5. CNC engraving can use small diameter tools, can it replace EDM? cannot be replaced. Although engraving has reduced the range of tool diameters for milling, small molds that were previously only possible with EDM can now be achieved with engraving. However, the length/diameter ratio of engraving tools is generally around 5:1. When using a small diameter tool, only a very shallow cavity can be machined, and the EDM process has almost no cutting force, as long as the electrode can be produced, the cavity can be machined. 6. What are the main factors that affect the engraving process? Machining is a relatively complex process, and there are many factors affecting it, mainly the following points: machine tool characteristics, tools, control systems, material characteristics, processing technology, auxiliary fixtures and surrounding environment. 7. What are the requirements for the control system of CNC engraving? CNC engraving processing is milling processing first, so the control system must have the control ability of milling processing. For small tool processing, feedforward function must be provided at the same time, the path speed is reduced in advance, and the frequency of tool breakage of small tools is reduced. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the cutting speed in the relatively smooth path section, thereby improving the engraving processing efficiency. 8. What properties of the material affect processing? The main factors that affect the engraving performance of materials are material type, hardness and toughness. Material categories include metallic and non-metallic materials. In general, the higher the hardness, the worse the processability, and the higher the viscosity, the worse the processability. The more impurities, the worse the processability, the greater the hardness of the particles inside the material, the worse the processability. A general standard is: the higher the carbon content, the worse the workability, the higher the alloy content, the worse the workability, the higher the non-metallic element content, the better the workability (but the non-metal content in the general material is strictly controlled. of). 9. Which materials are suitable for engraving? Non-metallic materials suitable for engraving include plexiglass, resin, wood, etc., and non-metallic materials unsuitable for engraving include natural marble, glass, etc. Metal materials suitable for engraving include copper, aluminum, mild steel with hardness less than HRC40, and metal materials unsuitable for engraving include quenched steel. 10. What effect does the tool itself have on machining and how? The tool factors that affect the engraving process include tool material, geometric parameters, and grinding technology. The tool material used in engraving processing is cemented carbide material, which is a powder alloy. The main performance index that determines the performance of the material is the average diameter of the powder. The smaller the diameter, the more wear-resistant the tool, and the higher the durability of the tool. For more CNC programming knowledge, pay attention to the WeChat public account (NC programming teaching) to receive the tutorial. The sharpness of the tool mainly affects the cutting force. The sharper the tool, the lower the cutting force, the smoother the machining and the higher the surface quality, but the lower the durability of the tool. Therefore, different sharpness should be selected when processing different materials. When processing soft and sticky materials, the tool needs to be sharper. When the hardness of the processing material is large, the sharpness should be reduced to improve the durability of the tool. But not too blunt, otherwise the cutting force will be too large, affecting the processing. A key factor in tool grinding is the mesh size of the finishing wheel. Grinding wheels with high mesh can grind finer cutting edges, which can effectively improve the durability of the tool. Grinding wheels with high mesh can grind a smoother flank and improve the surface quality of cutting. 11. What is the tool life formula? The tool life is mainly the tool life during the processing of steel materials. The empirical formula is: (T is the tool life, CT is the life parameter, VC is the cutting line speed, f is the amount of cutting tool per revolution per red, and P is the cutting depth). Among them, the cutting line speed is the biggest influence on tool life. In addition, tool runout, tool grinding quality, tool material and coating, and coolant also affect tool durability.

Factors Affecting the Quality of CNC Machining Precision Parts Today, mechanization and automation have become the mainstream of industry development. In the application process of machinery and equipment composed of various parts, problems are prone to occur due to the lack of coordination or cooperation of some parts. Raw material specifications, properties, material usage, machine vibration, clamping pressure or loosening, elastic deformation process system, worker operations, testing methods, inspector errors, etc., all have an impact on the quality of processed products. When we talk about the quality of a working prototype, it's not hard to think of the following 5 main factors: 1. The operator As cnc machine functions become more complex, the level of programming and operators varies widely. Combining the superb skills of humans with computer information technology can maximize the use of machines. To do this, machine operators must be familiar with equipment performance. If the operator does not know enough about the performance of the equipment, he may misuse it, which will accelerate the wear of machine parts and even cause damage to the machine. Therefore, it will require a lot of repair costs and a long maintenance time. In order to restore the original accuracy of the equipment, CNC machine tool operators must understand and master the machine tool manual and its operation precautions, so as to achieve civilized production and safe processing. It is necessary to strengthen the skills training for all processing and production staff, reasonably arrange primary and secondary processing positions, and improve personnel's quality awareness and work responsibility. 2. Machines A complete CNC machining system consists of machine tools, workpieces, fixtures and tools. Machining accuracy is related to the accuracy of the entire process system. Various errors of the process system will manifest as machining tolerances in different forms under different circumstances. CNC machine accuracy is an important factor affecting the quality of prototype parts. When the accuracy of the machine is poor, some parts are damaged or the gap of each part is not adjusted properly, various defects will appear in the prototype during the CNC machining process. Therefore, we must not only choose the appropriate turning angle, appropriate cutting amount and CNC machining method, but also understand the influence of machine tool accuracy on the CNC machining quality. The maintenance of the machine directly affects the processing quality and production efficiency of the prototype. All machines must be properly maintained in order to ensure working accuracy and prolong their working life. Usually after the machine has been running for 500 hours, first-level maintenance is required. Three, cnc processing method There are many kinds of CNC machining methods, and cutting machining is the most common one. During the cutting process, the workpiece is subjected to changes in force and heat, and the physical and mechanical properties of the metal material will also be slightly hardened, so the selection of the tool plays an important role. In general, the material for making the tool should be selected according to the material of the workpiece to be machined. Otherwise, thorns related to the tool will be formed on the surface of the workpiece, which will easily increase the roughness of the workpiece and reduce the surface quality. In addition to tool factors, cutting environment and cutting conditions, such as cutting amount, cutting lubrication, etc., also affect the processing quality. In the CNC machining process, the machining system is the general commander of the entire cutting process. All CNC machining processes are performed according to the system, so the precision and rigidity of the machining system are also one of the main factors affecting the machining quality. There are two principles for the arrangement of processing technology: Processing dispersion: use multiple processes to manufacture complex parts and decompose them into multiple machines for processing. Processing concentration: the functions of the composite machine, such as CNC turning and milling, laser ultrasonic vibration processing, grinding, five-axis linkage, etc. All processes are completed by one machine. According to the structural analysis of the workpiece, the use of different processing methods is also an important factor affecting the processing quality. 4. Materials Machining materials are generally divided into plastics and metals. Each material has its own characteristics. It is also important to select the right material during machining according to the requirements and application of the workpiece. Material consistency is better, otherwise the quality of the same part may vary. When the hardness of the material is suitable, try to ensure that the material is not deformed. These are important prerequisites for assessing quality. 5. Inspection After the machine has finished machining the workpiece, inspection is the last critical step before delivery to the customer. The inspection of mechanical processing generally needs to pay attention to two aspects: 1. Inspection procedure - The inspection process includes the inspection process, as well as relevant regulations, systems, standards, etc. Generally speaking, the inspection process is to inspect the intervention and intervention methods in the production process, including first inspection, self-inspection, mutual inspection and full-time inspection. 2. Inspection method - refers to how to inspect and inspect the standard. The inspection of machined parts is generally based on mechanical drawings, and the products are inspected through inspection instruments and measuring tools. Traditional Machining Inspection vs. More Modern Machining Inspection Traditional machining testing instruments include micrometers, dial indicators, vernier cards, planes, rulers, levels, and various plug gauges, ring gauges, etc. More modern mechanical processing testing instruments include optical collimators, projectors, three-dimensional measuring instruments, theodolites, laser detectors, etc. Qualified mechanical product inspectors must master the knowledge of inspection instruments and measuring tools related to unit products. In the process of cnc processing, in order to control the processing quality, it is necessary to understand and analyze the various influencing factors that the processing quality cannot meet the requirements, and at the same time take effective technical measures to overcome them. With the continuous improvement of modern production level, the requirements for the quality of machined products are also getting higher and higher. Only by taking comprehensive measures for quality control can we finally achieve the purpose of increasing the service life of the equipment and improving the service life of the equipment, taking into account economic benefits and energy saving in the processing process. At the same time, to ensure the quality of machining, in order to promote the long-term and stable development of the machining industry.

How to reduce the occurrence of cnc machining machine tool collision? The reasons for the collision can be summed up in about 9 points: 1) Program writing error: The process arrangement is wrong, the process undertaking relationship is not carefully considered, and the parameter setting is wrong. A. The coordinates are set to be zero at the bottom, but in reality, the top is 0; B. The safety height is too low, so that the tool cannot be completely lifted out of the workpiece; C. The second roughing allowance is less than that of the previous tool; D . After the program is written, the path of the program should be analyzed and checked. 2) The program sheet remark error: A. The number of hits on one side is written in the middle of the four sides; B. The clamping distance of the vise or the protruding distance of the workpiece is marked incorrectly; C. When the remarks on the extension length of the tool are unknown or wrong, it will lead to the collision of the tool; D. The program sheet should be as detailed as possible; E .The principle of replacing the old with the new should be adopted when the program sheet is changed: destroy the old program sheet. 3) Tool measurement error: A. The tool setting data input does not consider the tool setting bar; B. The tool is installed too short; C. The tool measurement should use a scientific method, and use a more accurate instrument as much as possible; D. The length of the tool is longer than the actual depth by 2 ~5mm. 4) Program transmission error: A. The program number is wrongly called or the program has been modified, but the old program is still used for processing; B. The on-site processor must check the detailed data of the program before processing; such as the time and date of programming, and simulate it with the bear family. 5) Wrong knife selection. 6) The blank exceeds expectations, and the blank is too large and does not match the blank set in the program. 7) The workpiece material itself is defective or the hardness is too high. 8) Clamping factors, spacer interference and not considered in the program. 9) Machine tool failure, sudden power failure, lightning strike, etc. As a high-precision machine tool, the CNC machine tool of CNC machining center is very necessary to avoid collision. It requires the operator to develop the habit of being serious and careful, and operate the machine tool in the correct way to reduce the occurrence of machine tool collision.

How to ensure the size of CNC machine tools when processing aluminum materials? First of all, under the premise of aluminum material, the following aspects need to be considered: One, irresistible factors: 1. The stability of the machine tool itself. If it is not a new machine tool or the machine tool has undergone a lot of processing and has not been debugged, there will be dimensional errors caused by the machine tool itself. There are several factors that cause the error of the machine tool itself: Mechanical aspects: a. Looseness between the servo motor and the lead screw. b. Ball screw bearing or nut wear. c. Insufficient lubrication between the screw and the nut. Electrical: a. Servo motor failure. b. There is dirt inside the grating ruler. c. Servo amplifier failure. In terms of system parameters, PMC recovery can be performed, so it is omitted. 2. The workpiece is cooled and deformed after processing. This is basically unavoidable, try to pay attention to the use of coolant during processing, and pay attention to the deformation of the workpiece after cooling when performing in-situ measurements. 2. Avoidable factors: 1. Processing technology In fact, most of the actual processing errors are caused by unreasonable processing technology. When ensuring the basic processing technology (such as "coarse first, then fine, first face and then hole, first large face and then small face" in CNC milling or in the use of fixtures" On the basis of reducing the number of clamping times and using basic processing details such as "combination fixture" as much as possible, try to reduce the machining error caused by iron filings to aluminum parts, because aluminum parts are very soft, and the excluded iron filings can easily cause machining errors to aluminum parts. . For example, use G83 command as far as possible to make deep holes, so that iron filings can be discharged, instead of G73 command. 2. Three cutting elements: cutting speed vc, feed f, cutting depth ap and tool compensation It is really difficult to elaborate on this aspect. In simple words, it is to adjust the parameters to give full play to the cutting performance of the tool under the premise of ensuring the processing quality and tool wear, so that the cutting efficiency is the highest and the processing cost is the lowest. In CNC lathes, there are also elements such as tool head wear compensation. 3. Numerical calculation in manual programming and automatic programming Errors in calculations are also common in manual programming, but most production is now automated. 4. Knife setting Inaccurate tool setting is also a factor that causes dimensional errors. Try to choose a good edge finder. If the machine tool has an automatic tool setter, it will be better. If there is no edge finder, try cutting. This is the operating experience.

Eight essential knowledge for CNC machining! 1. What is down milling? What is up-cut milling? What are the characteristics of down milling and up milling of CNC machine tools? Climb milling: The direction of the horizontal component force Fx of the cutting force F is the same as the f in the feed direction. This milling method Up milling: the direction of the horizontal component force Fx of the cutting force F is opposite to the f in the feeding direction. This milling method Climb milling features: (1) It is easy to move, and a down milling mechanism needs to be added. (Due to the gap between the screw nuts) (2) The surface quality of machining is higher than that of up-cut milling. (Applicable to finishing) Up milling features: (1) High working stability, no need for up-milling mechanism (2) The quality of the machined surface is lower than that of down milling (the tool wears quickly) 2. What are the methods of feeding and retracting during CNC milling? The main methods of retreating are as follows: (1) The tool feeds and retracts directly along the Z-axis direction of the coordinate axis (2) Advance or retract along the given vector direction (3) Feed or retract in a straight line along the tangent direction of the surface (4) Feed or retract along the normal vector direction of the surface (5) Feed or retract along the direction of the arc segment (6) Feeding method along the spiral or oblique line For profile machining with high machining accuracy requirements, the method of feeding and retracting along the tangential direction of the curved surface or along the arc direction should be selected, so as not to leave a stagnant tool mark at the feed or retract of the workpiece. Affect the surface processing quality of the workpiece. 3. What factors should be considered when confirming the feed path of the milling cutter? The feed path includes two parts: in-plane feed and depth feed. For the in-plane feed, the external general cut in from the tangential direction, and the concave general cut from the arc. On a two-axis CNC milling machine, there are two methods of depth feed for the milling plane groove cam: one method is to mill back and forth in the xy or (yz) plane and gradually feed the tool to a given depth; the other method is to First punch a process hole, and then feed the knife to a predetermined depth from the process hole. 4. What are the confirmation criteria for the program starting point, return point, entry point, and entry point during CNC milling? (1) Starting point and return point Confirmation criteria In the same program, the starting point and the return point should be the same. If the machining of a part requires several programs to complete, then the starting point and return point of these programs should be exactly the same, so as to avoid the machining operation. troublesome. The coordinate values of the starting point and the return point are also set to zero, which makes the operation convenient. (2) Criteria for selection of entry points In the process of feeding or cutting the surface, the tool should not be damaged. In general, for roughing, pick the Z high corner point within the surface as the entry point of the surface. Since the cutting allowance at this point is small, it is not easy to damage the tool when feeding. For finishing, a corner point with gentle curvature in the surface is selected as the entry point of the surface. Because at this point, the bending moment of the tool is small, and it is not easy to break the tool. (3) Criteria for selection of cut-out points The main consideration is that the surface can be continuously processed and the non-cutting processing time between the surface and the surface is as short as possible, and the tool change is convenient to improve the effective working time of the machine tool. For the surface to be processed is an open surface, there are two corner points of the surface that can be used as cut-out points. According to one of the above criteria: if the surface to be machined is a closed surface, only one corner of the surface is the cut-out point, and the active The system generally confirms actively during programming. 5. Selection of CNC lathe fixtures? The three-jaw chuck and four-jaw single-action chuck should be selected according to the type of workpiece to be processed. The clamps for shaft workpieces include three-jaw chucks, four-jaw single-action chucks, active clamping toggle chucks, and toggle teeth. , top, three-jaw toggle chuck, etc. The clamps for disc workpieces have adjustable jaws and speed adjustable chucks. (Currently, hydraulic chucks are mostly used, and soft jaws are used to process materials) 6. What is the process and step? What are the elements that make up the process and step? (1) The part of the process that is completed by one or a group of workers in a work place for one or several workpieces at the same time is called a process. The basis for distinguishing the process is whether the work place changes and whether the work is continuous. (2) Under the condition that the processing surface and processing tools remain unchanged, the part of the process that is completed one after another is called a process step. 7. What is process information? What does the process information include? Process information refers to various information obtained after process processing. These information include: selection of process preparation tools; processing plan (including tool path, cutting amount, etc.) and compensation plan and other aspects of information. The accumulation of practical experience in processing is a useful way to obtain process information. The basis for distinguishing the steps is whether the processing appearance and things change. 8. What are the main contents of CNC lathe processing technology? (1) Select and confirm the content of CNC lathe processing; (2) Process analysis of CNC lathe machining of part drawings; (3) Mathematical processing of part graphics and confirmation of programmed size setting values; (4) The formulation of the CNC machining process plan; (5) Confirmation of work steps and feed paths; (6) Select the type of CNC machine tool; (7) Selection and design of tools, fixtures and measuring tools; (8) Confirmation of cutting parameters; (9) Compilation, verification and modification of processing programs; (10) Trial processing of the first piece and handling of on-site problems; (11) The finalization and filing of technical documents for CNC lathe processing;

Features of Machining 1. Closely connected with the demand for crystal production Precision machining and ultra-precision machining have high requirements on processing quality, difficulty in technical business, wide coverage, and many influencing factors. The investment is often large, so the development of precision machining and interesting precision machining is closely related to the specific process. Product demand is closely related. For example, the DTM_3 ultra-precision diamond lathe jointly developed in 1989 by the KawrenceLivemor laboratory at the University of California and the Y-12 factory in 1989 is the reflection of Zhao on the processing of laser nuclear fusion. Mirror, the antenna of the human-shaped celestial single-lens, etc., reflect the needs of the dog technology. The development of precision machining and ultra-precision machining technology is also combined with the specific needs of aerospace and aviation technology. At present, the standardization and serialization of precision machine tools and ultra-precision machine tools are far less than that of Qutong machine tools. There are not enough varieties. The main reason is that the promotion of technology is not enough. The versatility is not strong. The expansion of product quality, the continuous maturity of precision machining technology, and the generalization and serialization of precision machining and ultra-precision machining equipment will definitely be more widely used in production practice. 2. Formed a system engineering Precision machining and ultra-precision parts processing is a multi-disciplinary comprehensive advanced technology. To achieve high precision and high surface quality, not only the processing method itself, but also the material to be processed, processing equipment and engineering equipment, testing methods, etc. must be considered. The working environment and the skill level of the people are just right here. The isolated processing method cannot achieve the predetermined effect. It must be supported by comprehensive technology and conditions, thus forming the precision processing system engineering. The combination of precision machining technology and systems theory, method, computer technology, information technology, sensor technology, and digital control technology has contributed to the formation of precision machining systems engineering. , Build the number of tuns. #Model at the same time. Also study various related technologies. 3. Closely connected with special processing AI department Special machining refers to the non-traditional processing method that uses mechanical, optical, electrical, sound, heat, chemical, magnetic, raw f and other energy sources to add T. It has developed rapidly in recent years. Composite machining methods can be used, and the machining accuracy and surface quality of very precise machining and ultra-precision machining are very high. Therefore, there must be corresponding testing methods to show whether the technical requirements are met. Therefore, in precision machining and ultra-precision machining, both machining and inspection are difficult, and inspection is often more difficult. Only by adopting a strategy of integrating machining and inspection, inspection is considered at the same time as machining. Error compensation is an effective technical measure to improve the precision of machining machinery, which can be divided into two categories: static error compensation and dynamic error compensation. Static drop compensation is mainly used to compensate system errors in the process system, such as error correction rulers. Dynamic error compensation is real-time compensation in the processing process, which can compensate for random errors and systematic errors in the Dingyi system. Dynamic error compensation and on-line measurement are closely related. 4. Closely connected with automation technology Manufacturing automation is an important part of advanced manufacturing technology. Its role is not only to improve efficiency, improve labor productivity, and improve the working environment and labor conditions of workers, but also to improve machining accuracy and surface quality, and avoid human errors caused by manual operations. , Guarantee plus doubts and the stability of the reed must take measures. At the same time, it is also a powerful measure to quickly respond to market demand and shorten the manufacturing period. To achieve high quality precision processing and ultra-precision machining, automation technology must be relied on to ensure processing technology optimization and adaptation control, detection and error. Compensation and praise: Machine control and other technologies are the automation technologies that improve and ensure the best processing quality. Although the quality of precision machining and ultra-precision machining is still guaranteed by the craftsmanship at present. Processing methods such as grinding and scraping still rely on manual work. However, from the perspective of the development trend, the proportion of automation technology replacing manual work is increasing. The processing effect is also getting better and better. 5. Closely related to micromachining Micromachining and ultra-micromachining refer to the first production plus r technology for manufacturing micro-size parts and ultra-micro-size parts. Micromachining plus and ultra-micromachining. The emergence and development of the integrated circuit is closely related to the integrated circuit, which requires the fabrication of many components in a tiny area of semiconductor material chips to form circuits with various complex functions. Therefore, the number of unit logic circuits, the number of electronic components on the unit chip and the minimum line width of the unit chip E are the signs of the integration degree of the integrated circuit. At the same time, it also indicates the difficulty and level of its manufacturing. The concept and mechanism of micromachined plus t and general size plus t are different. When the general size is added, the accuracy is expressed in the tolerance unit. Tolerance = tolerance level factor × tolerance unit, the same precision is equal to the tolerance level factor .But the tolerance unit varies with the size of the basic size, the larger the basic size. The larger the tolerance unit is, the different formulas are calculated according to the segmented range of the basic size. When adding T, the precision is expressed by the absolute value of the size due to the small processing size. From the point of view of the piece , General plus T and micro plus] The biggest difference between the two is that the size (thickness) of the chips is different. When finely added, the amount of back cutting is extremely small. The cutting is carried out inside the crystal of the material. The amount of cutting removal is embedded in the "machining unit size" or "machining unit", and the size of the "machining unit" represents the machining accuracy Level. Such as graded processing, atomic processing. Although micromachining and general size plus Ij are different in concept and mechanism, from the point of view of plusing technology, micromachining is mainly enough to process small R inches. It also processes small sizes, so micromachining belongs to the category of precision plus r and ultra-precision machining. In fact, many of the processing methods of the two are the same, and the surname is the processing object.

CNC lathes are industrial precision instruments and important equipment in hardware processing. As hardware products are more and more widely used in our lives, the market demand for CNC lathes is also increasing, and the requirements for quality and other aspects are also increasing. It is getting higher and higher, and in which direction should my country's CNC lathe industry develop? The following is a Shenzhen CNC lathe manufacturer to introduce to us: 1. High speed and high precision High speed and precision are the eternal goals of machine tool development. With the rapid development of science and technology, the speed of replacement of electromechanical products is accelerated, and the requirements for the precision and surface quality of parts processing are also higher and higher. In order to meet the needs of this complex and changeable market, the current machine tools are developing in the direction of high-speed cutting, dry cutting and quasi-dry cutting, and the machining accuracy is constantly improving. On the other hand, the successful application of electric spindles and linear motors, ceramic ball bearings, high-precision large-lead hollow internal cooling and ball nut strong cooling low-temperature high-speed ball screw pairs and linear guide pairs with ball cages and other machine tool functional components The launch of the machine tool has also created conditions for the development of high-speed and precision machine tools. 2. High reliability The reliability of CNC machine tools is a key indicator of the quality of CNC machine tools. Whether the CNC machine tool can exert its high performance, high precision and high efficiency, and obtain good benefits, the key depends on its reliability. 3. CAD design of CNC lathes, modularization of structural design With the popularization of computer applications and the development of software technology, CAD technology has been widely developed. CAD can not only replace the tedious drawing work by manual work, but more importantly, it can carry out design scheme selection and static and dynamic characteristic analysis, calculation, prediction and optimization design of large-scale whole machine, and can carry out dynamic simulation of each working part of the whole machine. . On the basis of modularity, the three-dimensional geometric model and realistic color of the product can be seen in the design stage. The use of CAD can also greatly improve work efficiency and improve the one-time success rate of design, thereby shortening the trial production cycle, reducing design costs, and improving market competitiveness. 4. Functional compounding The purpose of functional compounding is to further improve the production efficiency of the machine tool and minimize the non-machining auxiliary time. Through the combination of functions, the use range of the machine tool can be expanded, the efficiency can be improved, and one machine can be multi-purpose and one machine can be multi-functional, that is, a CNC lathe can realize both turning functions and milling; Grinding is also possible on machine tools. Baoji Machine Tool Factory has successfully developed the CX25Y CNC turning and milling compound center, which has X, Z axes, C and Y axes at the same time. Through the C-axis and Y-axis, plane milling and machining of offset holes and grooves can be realized. The machine is also equipped with a powerful tool rest and a sub-spindle. The sub-spindle adopts a built-in electric spindle structure, and the speed synchronization of the main and sub-spindles can be directly realized through the numerical control system. The machine tool can complete all processing in one clamping, which greatly improves the efficiency. 5. Intelligent, networked, flexible and integrated The CNC equipment in the 21st century will be a system with certain intelligence. The content of intelligence includes all aspects of the CNC system: in order to pursue the intelligence in machining efficiency and machining quality, such as the adaptive control of the machining process, the process parameters are automatically generated; in order to improve the driving performance and use the intelligence in connection, Such as feedforward control, self-adaptive operation of motor parameters, automatic identification of load, automatic selection of models, self-tuning, etc.; simplified programming, simplified operation intelligence, such as intelligent automatic programming, intelligent human-machine interface, etc.; also There are intelligent diagnosis, intelligent monitoring and other aspects to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance of the system.

Precision machining and ultra-precision machining are still in development, and have the following characteristics: 1. Closely connected with the demand for crystal production Precision machining and ultra-precision machining have high requirements on processing quality, difficulty in technical business, wide coverage, and many influencing factors. The investment is often large, so the development of precision machining and interesting precision machining is closely related to the specific process. Product demand is closely related. For example, the DTM_3 ultra-precision diamond lathe jointly developed in 1989 by the KawrenceLivemor laboratory at the University of California and the Y-12 factory in 1989 is the reflection of Zhao on the processing of laser nuclear fusion. Mirror, the antenna of the human-shaped celestial single-lens, etc., reflect the needs of the dog technology. The development of precision machining and ultra-precision machining technology is also combined with the specific needs of aerospace and aviation technology. At present, the standardization and serialization of precision machine tools and ultra-precision machine tools are far less than that of Qutong machine tools. There are not enough varieties. The main reason is that the promotion of technology is not enough. The versatility is not strong. The expansion of product quality, the continuous maturity of precision machining technology, and the generalization and serialization of precision machining and ultra-precision machining equipment will definitely be more widely used in production practice. 2. Formed a system engineering Precision machining and ultra-precision parts processing is a multi-disciplinary comprehensive advanced technology. To achieve high precision and high surface quality, not only the processing method itself, but also the processed materials, processing equipment and engineering equipment, detection methods, The working environment and the skill level of the people are just right here. The isolated processing method cannot achieve the predetermined effect. It must be supported by comprehensive technology and conditions, thus forming the precision processing system engineering. The combination of precision machining technology and system theory, method, computer technology, information technology, sensor technology, and digital control technology has contributed to the formation of precision machining systems engineering. , Build the number of tuns. #Model at the same time. Also study various related technologies. 3. Closely connected with special processing AI department Special machining refers to the non-traditional processing method that uses mechanical, optical, electrical, sound, heat, chemical, magnetic, raw f and other energy sources to add T. It has developed rapidly in recent years. Composite machining methods can be used, and the machining accuracy and surface quality of very precise machining and ultra-precision machining are very high. Therefore, there must be corresponding testing methods to show whether the technical requirements are met. Therefore, in precision machining and ultra-precision machining, both machining and inspection are difficult, and inspection is often more difficult. Only by adopting a strategy of integrating machining and inspection, inspection is considered at the same time as machining. From the time domain analysis of the detection process, detection can be divided into three categories: offline detection, in-situ detection and online detection. After the off-line detection of toe and finger addition is completed, it will be tested in the testing room. Therefore, processing and inspection are separated. If the inspection fails, due to the high machining accuracy, it is generally difficult to repair. In-situ inspection means that after the machining is completed, the workpiece is not removed, and the inspection is carried out on the machine tool. For example, the eyelid measurement is small. If it is qualified, it will be repaired in time. There will not be errors caused by re-clamping during repair, but the influence of offline inspection and in-situ inspection on the inspection results due to the difference of the inspection environment should be considered. On-line detection_Real-time detection during the process of adding location and Qiao. It is a dynamic measurement process to keep abreast of the addition value and its development trend, and to control it in real time. Error compensation is an effective technical measure to improve the precision of machining machinery, which can be divided into two categories: static error compensation and dynamic error compensation. Static drop compensation is mainly used to compensate system errors in the process system, such as error correction rulers. Dynamic error compensation is real-time compensation in the processing process, which can compensate for random errors and systematic errors in the Dingyi system. Dynamic error compensation and on-line measurement are closely related. Numerical control technology, calculation technology, sensor technology, and the development of micro-displacement mechanism. In precision engineering, measurement and error compensation are important measures for the integration of processing and testing. 4. Closely connected with automation technology Manufacturing automation is an important part of advanced manufacturing technology. Its function is not only to improve efficiency, improve labor productivity, and improve the working environment and labor conditions of workers, but also to improve the accuracy and surface quality of processing T, and avoid human errors caused by manual operations. , Guarantee plus doubts and the stability of the reed must take measures. At the same time, it is also a powerful measure to quickly respond to market demand and shorten the production period. To achieve high quality precision processing and ultra-precision processing, automation technology must be relied on to ensure processing optimization and adaptation control, detection and error. Compensation and praise: Machine control and other technologies are all automation technologies that improve and ensure the best processing quality Although the quality of precision machining and ultra-precision machining is still guaranteed by the craftsmanship at present. Processing methods such as grinding and scraping still rely on manual work. However, from the perspective of the development trend, the proportion of automation technology replacing manual work is increasing. The processing effect is also getting better and better. 5. Closely related to micromachining Micromachining and ultra-micromachining refer to the first production plus r technology for manufacturing micro-size parts and ultra-micro-size parts. Micromachining plus and ultra-micromachining. The emergence and development of the integrated circuit is closely related to the integrated circuit, which requires the fabrication of many components in a tiny area of semiconductor material chips to form circuits with various complex functions. Therefore, the number of unit logic circuits, the number of electronic components on the unit chip and the minimum line width of the unit chip E are the signs of the integration degree of the integrated circuit. At the same time, it also indicates the difficulty and level of its manufacturing. The concept and mechanism of micromachined plus t and general size plus t are different. When the general size is added, the accuracy is expressed in the tolerance unit. Tolerance = tolerance level factor × tolerance unit, the same precision is equal to the tolerance level factor .But the tolerance unit varies with the size of the basic size, the larger the basic size. The larger the tolerance unit is, the different formulas are calculated according to the segmented range of the basic size. When adding T, the precision is expressed by the absolute value of the size due to the small processing size. From the point of view of the piece , General plus T and micro plus] The biggest difference between the two is that the size (thickness) of the chips is different. When finely added, the amount of back cutting is extremely small. The cutting is carried out inside the crystal of the material. The amount of cutting removal is embedded in the "machining unit size" or "machining unit", and the size of the "machining unit" represents the machining accuracy Level. Such as graded processing, atomic processing. Although micromachining and general size plus Ij are different in concept and mechanism, from the point of view of plusing technology, micromachining is mainly enough to process small R inches. It also processes small sizes, so micromachining belongs to the category of precision plus r and ultra-precision machining. In fact, many of the processing methods of the two are the same, and the surname is the processing object.

Properties of Precision Machining Tool Materials What are the tool materials for precision machining? What is the performance? In the process of cutting metal. The material of the cutting part of the tool. under greater pressure. Higher temperature and severe friction cause tool wear. Tool life and productivity. Depends on whether the tool material has the proper cutting performance. also. The manufacturability of the material of the cutting part of the tool also has a significant impact on the quality of the manufacturing tool and the sharpening tool. therefore. The tool material must have the following properties: (1) High wear resistance Wear resistance usually depends on hardness. The higher the hardness of the material. The better the abrasion resistance. The more carbide particles with good wear resistance are contained. The finer the grains. more evenly distributed. The better the abrasion resistance. (2) The hardness of the cutting part of the high hardness tool is higher than the hardness of the workpiece material. in room temperature. The tool hardness should be higher than 60HRC. (3) High heat resistance Heat resistance refers to the performance of the hardness of the cutting part of the tool at room temperature at high temperature. It can be expressed by hot hardness or high temperature hardness. (4) Good process performance for ease of manufacture. The material of the cutting part of the tool should have good properties such as forging, welding, heat treatment and grinding. Simultaneously. It should also meet the requirements of abundant resources and low prices as much as possible. (5) Sufficient strength and toughness The cutting part of the tool is subjected to various stresses and impacts. To prevent tool chipping and chipping. Must have sufficient strength and toughness. It is usually expressed by the flexural strength and impact toughness of the material.

Explain the safety rules and operation points of CNC four-axis machining 1. Safety rules for CNC four-axis machining: 1. Machining center safety operating procedures must be followed. 2. Before work, wear protective equipment according to regulations, tie up cuffs, and are not allowed to wear scarves, gloves, ties, aprons, and women workers should wear braids in hats. 3. Before starting the machine, check whether the tool compensation, machine zero point, workpiece zero point, etc. are correct. 4. The relative position of each button should meet the operation requirements. Carefully compile and input CNC programs. 5. It is necessary to check the operation status of the protection, insurance, signal, position, mechanical transmission part, electrical, hydraulic, digital display and other systems on the equipment, and cutting can be performed under normal conditions. 6. Before machining, the machine tool should be run for trial operation, and the operating conditions of lubrication, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, digital display and other systems should be checked, and cutting can be performed under normal conditions. 7. After the machine tool enters the processing operation according to the program, the operator is not allowed to touch the moving workpiece, tool and transmission part, and it is forbidden to transfer or take tools and other items across the rotating part of the machine tool. 8. When adjusting the machine, clamping workpieces and tools, and wiping the machine, it must be stopped. 9. Tools or other items are not allowed on electrical appliances, operating cabinets and protective covers. 10. It is not allowed to remove iron filings directly by hand, and special tools should be used for cleaning. 11. If abnormal conditions and alarm signals are found, stop immediately and ask relevant personnel to check. 12. It is not allowed to leave the work post when the machine tool is running. If you want to leave for any reason, put the worktable in the middle position, the tool bar should be retracted, you must stop the machine, and cut off the power supply of the host. Second, the operation points of CNC four-axis machining: 1. In order to simplify positioning and installation, each positioning surface of the fixture should have precise coordinate dimensions relative to the machining origin of the machining center. 2. In order to ensure that the installation orientation of the parts is consistent with the direction of the workpiece coordinate system and machine tool coordinate system selected in programming, and directional installation. 3. It can be disassembled in a short time and changed into a fixture suitable for new workpieces. Since the auxiliary time of the machining center has been compressed very short, the loading and unloading of the supporting fixtures cannot take up too much time. 4. The fixture should have as few components as possible and high stiffness. 5. The fixture should be opened as much as possible, the spatial position of the clamping element can be lower or lower, and the installation fixture should not interfere with the tool path of the working step. 6. Ensure that the processing content of the workpiece is completely completed within the stroke range of the spindle. 7. For a machining center with an interactive worktable, the fixture design must prevent spatial interference between the fixture and the machine due to the movement of the worktable, lifting, lowering, and rotation. 8. Try to complete all the processing content in one clamping. When it is necessary to replace the clamping point, special attention should be paid not to damage the positioning accuracy due to the replacement of the clamping point, and explain it in the process document if necessary. 9. For the contact between the bottom surface of the fixture and the worktable, the flatness of the bottom surface of the fixture must be within 0.01-0.02mm, and the surface roughness is not greater than Ra3.2um.

How to choose tools reasonably in CNC machining center? When choosing a CNC machining center, the tool and tool holder should be correctly selected according to the machining capacity of the machining center machine tool, the performance of the workpiece material, the processing procedure, the cutting amount and other related factors. The general principles of CNC machining center tool selection are: easy installation and adjustment, good rigidity, high durability and precision. On the premise of meeting the processing requirements, try to choose a shorter tool holder to improve the rigidity of tool processing. When selecting a tool in a CNC machining center, the size of the tool should be adapted to the surface size of the workpiece to be machined. Common machining tool selection forms are as follows: 1. Use CNC machining centers to process the peripheral contours of plane parts, often using end mills; 2. When using the CNC machining center to mill the plane, the carbide insert milling cutter should be selected; 3. When using CNC machining center to process bosses and grooves, choose high-speed steel end mills; 4. When using the CNC machining center to process the surface of the blank or the roughing hole, the corn milling cutter with carbide inserts can be selected; 5. Use the CNC machining center to process the three-dimensional profile and the contour of the variable bevel, often using ball end milling cutters, annular milling cutters, conical milling cutters and disc milling cutters. When using a CNC machining center for free-form surface machining, since the cutting speed of the end of the ball nose tool is zero, in order to ensure the machining accuracy, the cutting line spacing is generally very dense, so the ball nose is often used for the finishing of the surface. The flat-end tool is superior to the ball-end tool in terms of surface processing quality and cutting efficiency. Therefore, as long as the premise of ensuring that it does not cut, whether it is roughing or finishing of the curved surface, the flat-end tool should be preferred. It is worth mentioning that the durability and precision of the CNC machining center tool have a great relationship with the price of the tool! It must be noted that, in most cases, although the selected tool increases the tool cost, the resulting processing quality and processing efficiency are greatly improved, which can greatly reduce the entire processing cost.

What is the working principle of a vertical machining center? In material processing places, people attach great importance to processing equipment. The application of traditional processing methods usually requires complex operation procedures and requires the cooperation of a large number of personnel to complete the processing process. Although the production tasks can also be completed, with the increasing requirements of various industries for processing efficiency Improvement, in order to improve the work progress and complete the processing tasks in the shortest time, it is necessary to start with the adjustment of equipment and operation methods, so many processing places now pay attention to the application of vertical machining centers. So what is the working principle of a vertical machining center? What are the advantages of this device during work? During the processing of the workpiece, the use of the equipment only requires the staff to input parameters according to the information processing standards. The application method of the equipment is very simple. After starting, only a simple clamping operation is required, and the equipment will enter the automatic program. Parameter setting is carried out without human assistance, so the workflow is much simplified compared to traditional equipment and the runtime is also shorter. What's more, the tools can now be changed at will, and the machine can decide whether to add more tools or change the machining speed. Now the vertical machining center is equipped with many kinds of tools, so the equipment can meet the needs of different industries and processing places, but before the actual operation, the staff must understand the working principle and application method of the vertical machining center in detail. equipment. After the workpiece is clamped once in the machining center, the CNC system can control the machine tool according to different processes, automatically select and replace the tool, automatically change the spindle speed of the machine tool, the feed rate and the movement path of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions, and complete the multiple surfaces of the workpiece in turn. of multi-step processing. And it has a variety of tool changing or tool selection functions, which greatly improves the production efficiency. Vertical machining center refers to a set of machining centers with a vertical spindle and a worktable, which are mainly suitable for processing plates, plates, molds and complex parts of small shells. Vertical machining centers can complete processes such as milling, boring, drilling, tapping and thread cutting. Vertical machining centers are at least three-axis and two-linkage, and generally can achieve three-axis three-linkage. Some can carry out five-axis, six-axis control. The vertical machining center column height is limited, and the processing range of the box-shaped workpiece is reduced, which is the disadvantage of the vertical machining center. The workpiece can be clamped in the vertical machining center, and the positioning is convenient; it is convenient to observe the movement trajectory of the tool, to check and measure the debugging program, to find the problem in time, stop processing or modify; the cooling condition is easy to establish, and the cutting fluid can directly reach the tool and the processing surface. The three-coordinate axis is consistent with the Cartesian coordinate system, the feeling is intuitive, and the viewing angle of the pattern is consistent, and the chips are easily removed to avoid scratching the machined surface. Compared with the corresponding horizontal machining center, the structure is simple, the floor area is small, and the price is lower.

How should the gantry machining center (gantry milling machine) be selected? 1. Selection of the object to be processed Before determining the purchase object, first of all, it is necessary to clarify the object to be processed. Generally speaking, parts with the following characteristics are suitable for processing in a machining center: Multi-process intensive workpieces refer to a workpiece that needs to be processed with many tools. Reproducible workpieces are suitable for single-piece small batch production. Small batch refers to 1-100 pieces, and the number of each batch is not large, but it needs to be repeatedly produced. In addition, even if the shape and size of the workpieces are different, they are similar workpieces, and it is easy to realize the parts of the group processing technology. For complex-shaped parts, molds, aviation parts and other complex-shaped workpieces, various special-shaped parts can be processed on the machining center with the help of automatic programming technology. 2. Selection of machine specifications According to the determined size of the workpiece to be processed, the table size of the required machine tool and the stroke of the three linear coordinate systems are determined accordingly. Metal processing WeChat, the content is good, it is worthy of attention. The size of the worktable should ensure that the workpiece can be smoothly clamped on it, and the processing size must be within each coordinate stroke. In addition, the tool change space and the limitations of each coordinate interference area must be considered. 3. Selection of machine tool accuracy According to the machining accuracy requirements of the workpiece, the user selects a machine tool with a corresponding accuracy level, and the actual machining accuracy value may be 1.5-2 times the positioning accuracy of the mass-produced parts. Ordinary machine tools process workpieces with 8-level precision in batches, and precision machine tools can process 5-6 levels of precision, but there must be constant temperature and other process conditions, so precision machine tools are strictly used and the price is high. 4. Selection of tool magazine capacity The manufacturer of the machining center usually sets up 2-3 different capacity tool magazines for the machine tool of the same specification. When the user selects, he can determine the required number according to the process analysis results of the workpiece to be processed, usually only one part is required. The number of tools required in one setup determines the capacity of the tool magazine, because when another part is processed, the tools need to be rearranged, otherwise the tool management is complicated and prone to errors. 5. Selection of machine tool selection functions and accessories When selecting a machining center (gantry milling machine), in addition to the basic functions and basic parts, there are also functions and accessories that users can choose according to their own requirements, called selection functions and selection accessories. Metal processing WeChat, the content is good, it is worthy of attention. With the development of numerical control technology, there are more and more contents to choose from, and the proportion of its constituent price in the host computer is also increasing. Therefore, it is not economical to choose a large number of accessories for unclear purposes. The so-called "preparedness" Ordering guides is essentially a waste. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis should be made when selecting and ordering, and long-term factors should also be properly considered. The selection function is mainly for the numerical control system. It does not increase much for the price, but for the functions that bring many conveniences to use, it should be properly configured and complete. For the accessories that can be shared by multiple machine tools, you can consider one machine for multiple purposes. But it must be considered that the interface is generic.

What are the advantages of CNC precision machining? First of all, the spindle speed and feed range of CNC CNC parts processing are larger than those of ordinary lathes, and pertinent cutting parameters can be selected for each process. The structural rigidity of the CNC lathe enables the CNC lathe to perform powerful cutting with large cutting parameters, thereby effectively saving manoeuvring time. The positioning of the moving parts of the CNC lathe adopts the acceleration and deceleration control, and the idle stroke high speed can be selected. Machining plants reduce positioning and non-cutting time. Using a machining center with a tool magazine and an automatic tool changer, all machining processes can be completed with only one clamping of the workpiece, which reduces the turnaround time of semi-finished products and has high production efficiency. The cnc processing quality is stable, which can shorten the inspection time. The efficiency of CNC lathes is 2-3 times that of ordinary lathes, and the productivity of complex parts can be increased by 10 times or even dozens of times. CNC parts processing technology is a mechatronics product formed by the penetration of new technologies represented by CNC systems into the traditional machinery manufacturing industry. The required machining conditions, such as feed rate, spindle speed, tool selection, etc., are pre-specified by the instruction code. The entire processing process is automated, and the processing error caused by human beings is very small. The CNC lathe and transmission gap and error can also be compensated by the CNC system. Therefore, the machining accuracy of CNC lathes is high. In addition, CNC lathes can be operated repeatedly, with good dimensional consistency and low scrap rates. CNC precision machining automatically processes parts according to pre-programmed programs. In addition to operating the keyboard, loading and unloading workpieces, performing intermediate inspections on key processes, and observing the operation of the machine tool, the operator does not need to perform complex repetitive manual operations, which greatly reduces labor intensity and labor intensity. In addition, precision parts processing generally has better safety protection, automatic chip removal, automatic cooling and automatic lubrication devices. CNC lathes do not need to use as many tools as ordinary lathes, but only a small number of tools. After modifying the part drawing, the new part can be processed in a short time by modifying the corresponding program part. Therefore, the production cycle is short and the flexibility is strong, which provides favorable conditions for multi-variety, small batch production and new product development.